The basic components of CNC machine tools include processing program carrier, CNC device, servo drive device, machine tool body and other auxiliary devices. The following is a brief description of the basic working principle of each component. The equipment for CNC lathe turning or milling including several parts, not a single machine tool.
1. Processing program carrier: store the part processing program in a certain format and code on a program carrier, such as perforated paper tape, cassette tape, floppy disk, etc., and input the program information to CNC unit through the input device of CNC machine tool. NC program is the work instruction of NC machine tool automatic processing parts. On the basis of process analysis, the relative position of the part coordinate system on the machine tool coordinate system is determined, that is, the installation position of the part on the machine tool; Dimension parameter of relative movement between tool and part; Process route of parts processing, process parameters of cutting and action of auxiliary device, etc. After obtaining all the processing information of the parts, such as movement, size, process parameters, etc., the standard NC code composed of words, numbers and symbols is used to compile the NC program sheet of parts processing according to the specified method and format. Programming can be done manually; For complex parts, it is necessary to carry out automatic programming (APT) or CAD / CAM design on a special programming machine or general computer.
2. CNC device: CNC system is a position control system, it is based on the input data to interpolate the ideal trajectory, and then output to the executive parts to process the required parts.
3. Servo and measurement feedback system: the function of the servo system is to receive the command information from the numerical control device, after power amplification and shaping, it is converted into the linear displacement or angular displacement movement of the executive parts of the machine tool.
4. Main body of machine tool: it is the mechanical part that completes all kinds of cutting automatically on the numerical control machine tool.
5. CNC machine tool auxiliary device: auxiliary device is necessary to ensure the full play of CNC machine tool function.
Here you can find the description of CNC lathe bed: https://hotmedia.site/blogs/136105/The-Design-of-Lathe-Bed